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Ramprasad, T.
- Morphology of a Coral Bank, Western Continental Shelf of India : A Multibeam Study
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Authors
Affiliations
1 National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, IN
1 National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 41, No 1 (1993), Pagination: 33-37Abstract
Morphology of a living coral bank (Gaveshani Bank) is described using multibeam swath bathyrnetric survey system Hydrosweep. The bank has a height of 42 m, length of 2 km and a maximum width of 1.66 km, with steep flanks and flat top. It has a north-souh orientation and occupies an arca of about 3 sq km. A 100% coverage obtaincd in the present study enables us to determine the exact morphology of the bank. A comparison with the single beam echosounding data reveals that the dimensions (length and breadth) and areal extension of the bank are much larger than previously known.Keywords
Coral Bank, Morphology, Multibeam Bathymetry, Western Continental Shelf of India.
- Gas-Hydrates in Krishna-Godavari and Mahanadi Basins: New Data
Abstract Views :209 |
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Authors
Kalachand Sain
1,
Maheswar Ojha
1,
Nittala Satyavani
1,
G. A. Ramadass
2,
T. Ramprasad
3,
S. K. Das
4,
Harsh Gupta
1
Affiliations
1 CSIR - National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN
2 National Institute of Ocean Technology, Velachery-Tambaram Main Road, Chennai - 600 100, IN
3 CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa - 403 004, IN
4 Ministry of Earth Sciences, Prithvi Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi - 110 003, IN
1 CSIR - National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN
2 National Institute of Ocean Technology, Velachery-Tambaram Main Road, Chennai - 600 100, IN
3 CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa - 403 004, IN
4 Ministry of Earth Sciences, Prithvi Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi - 110 003, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 79, No 6 (2012), Pagination: 553-556Abstract
Gas-hydrates are crystalline substances consisting of mainly methane and water, and occur in shallow sediments of outer continental margins and permafrost regions. They are formed at high pressure and low temperature regime when supply of methane gas exceeds the solubility limit. Unlike natural gas, oil and minerals, gas-hydrates are not stable at standard temperature and pressure (STP). One volume of gas-hydrates, when dissociated, releases 164 volumes of methane at STP. Since methane is the lowest molecular weight hydrocarbon, use of gas-hydrates as fuel will cause less pollution to the environment. These have attracted the global attention due to their natural occurrences in abundance and huge energy potential. The methane locked as gas-hydrates is envisaged as 1-120 x 1015 m3 (Boswell and Collett, 2011). Only 15% recovery from this gigantic reserve may be sufficient to meet the global energy requirement for about 200 years (Makogon et al. 2007). Thus, gas-hydrates seem to be a viable major energy resource of future, and have been identified globally either by geophysical, geochemical and geological surveys or by drilling and coring (Boswell and Saeki, 2011; Ruppel, 2011; Sain and Gupta, 2012). Besides having the energy potential, the study of gas-hydrates is also important from natural hazards point of view related to seafloor subsidence, slumps and slides (Gupta and Sain, 2011).References
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- BOSWELL, R. and COLLETT, T.S. (2011) Current perspectives on gas hydrate resources. Energy Environmental Science, v.4, pp.1206-1215
- COLLETT, T.S., RIEDEL, M., COCHRAN, J., BOSWELL, R., PRESLEY, J., KUMAR, P., SATHE, A.V., SETHI, A.K., LALL, M., SIBAL, V.K., NGHP EXPEDITION 01 SCIENTISTS, 2008 AND NGHP EXPEDITION 01 (2006), Initial Reports, Directorate General of Hydrocarbons, Noida and Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, India. 4 volumes.
- GUPTA, H.K. and SAIN, K. (2011) Gas-hydrates: Natural Hazard. In: P. Bobrowsky (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards. Springer, in press.
- MAKOGON, Y.F., HOLDITCH, S.A. and MAKOGON, T.Y. (2007) Natural gas hydrates - A potential energy source for the 21st Century. Jour. Petrol. Sci. Engg., v.56, pp.14–31.
- RAMADASS, G.A., RAMESH, S., SELVAKUMAR, J.M., RAMESH, R., SUBRAMANIAN, A.N., SATHIANARAYANAN, D., HARIKRISHNAN, G., MUTHUKUMARAN, D., JAYAKUMAR, V.K., CHANDRASEKARAN, E., MURUGESH, M., ELANGOVAN, S., PRAKASH, V.D., RADHAKRISHNAN M. and VADIVELAN, M. (2010) Deep-ocean exploration using remotely operated vehicle at gas hydrate site in Krishna– Godavari basin, Bay of Bengal. Curr. Sci., v.99, pp.809815.
- RUPPEL, R. (2011) Methane hydrates and the future of natural gas. MITEI Natural gas Report, Supplementary Paper on Methane Hydrates 4. p.25.
- SAIN, K. and GUPTA, H.K. (2008) Gas hydrates: Indian scenario. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.72, pp.299-311.
- SAIN, K. and GUPTA, H.K. (2012) Gas hydrates in India: Potential and Development. Gondwana Res., in press, doi:10.1016/j.gr.2012.01.007.
- SAIN, K., RAJESH, V., SATYAVANI, N., SUBBARAO, K.V. and SUBRAHMANYAM, C. (2011) Gas hydrates stability thickness map along the Indian continental margin. Marine Petrol. Geol., v.28, pp.1779-1786.